Surah At Tawbah Tafseer
Tafseer of At-Tawbah : 120
Saheeh International
It was not [proper] for the people of Madinah and those surrounding them of the bedouins that they remain behind after [the departure of] the Messenger of Allah or that they prefer themselves over his self. That is because they are not afflicted by thirst or fatigue or hunger in the cause of Allah, nor do they tread on any ground that enrages the disbelievers, nor do they inflict upon an enemy any infliction but that is registered for them as a righteous deed. Indeed, Allah does not allow to be lost the reward of the doers of good.
Ibn Kathir
Tafseer 'Ibn Kathir' (EN)
Rewards of Jihad
Allah says;
مَا كَانَ لاِاَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُم مِّنَ الَاعْرَابِ أَن يَتَخَلَّفُواْ عَن رَّسُولِ اللّهِ وَلَا يَرْغَبُواْ بِأَنفُسِهِمْ عَن نَّفْسِهِ ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ لَا يُصِيبُهُمْ ظَمَأٌ وَلَا نَصَبٌ وَلَا مَخْمَصَةٌ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّهِ
It was neither befitting for the people of Al-Madinah and the Bedouins of the neighborhood to remain behind Allah's Messenger nor to prefer their own lives to his life. That is because they suffer neither Zama nor Nasab, nor Makhmasah in the cause of Allah,
Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored, criticizes the people of Al-Madinah and the Bedouins around it, who did not participate in the battle of Tabuk with the Messenger of Allah. They sought to preserve themselves rather than comfort the Messenger during the hardship that he suffered in that battle. They incurred a loss in their share of the reward, since,
لَا يُصِيبُهُمْ ظَمَأٌ
they suffer neither Zama, (thirst),
وَلَا نَصَبٌ
nor Nasab, (fatigue),
وَلَا مَخْمَصَةٌ
nor Makhmasah, (hunger),
فِي سَبِيلِ اللّهِ
in the cause of Allah,
وَلَا يَطَوُونَ مَوْطِيًا يَغِيظُ الْكُفَّارَ
nor they take any step to raise the anger of disbelievers,
by strategies of war that would terrify their enemy,
وَلَا يَنَالُونَ
مِنْ عَدُوٍّ نَّيْلً
nor inflict any injury upon an enemy,
a defeat on the enemy,
إِلاَّ كُتِبَ لَهُم
but is written to their credit,
as compensation for these steps that are not under their control, but a consequence of performing good deeds that earn them tremendous rewards,
بِهِ عَمَلٌ صَالِحٌ
as a deed of righteousness.
إِنَّ اللّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ
Surely, Allah wastes not the reward of the doers of good.
Allah said in a similar Ayah,
إِنَّا لَا نُضِيعُ أَجْرَ مَنْ أَحْسَنَ عَمَلً
Certainly We shall not make the reward of anyone who does his (righteous) deeds in the most perfect manner to be lost. (18:30)
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