Surah An Nisa Tafseer

Surah
Juz
Page
1
Al-Fatihah
The Opener
001
2
Al-Baqarah
The Cow
002
3
Ali 'Imran
Family of Imran
003
4
An-Nisa
The Women
004
5
Al-Ma'idah
The Table Spread
005
6
Al-An'am
The Cattle
006
7
Al-A'raf
The Heights
007
8
Al-Anfal
The Spoils of War
008
9
At-Tawbah
The Repentance
009
10
Yunus
Jonah
010
11
Hud
Hud
011
12
Yusuf
Joseph
012
13
Ar-Ra'd
The Thunder
013
14
Ibrahim
Abraham
014
15
Al-Hijr
The Rocky Tract
015
16
An-Nahl
The Bee
016
17
Al-Isra
The Night Journey
017
18
Al-Kahf
The Cave
018
19
Maryam
Mary
019
20
Taha
Ta-Ha
020
21
Al-Anbya
The Prophets
021
22
Al-Hajj
The Pilgrimage
022
23
Al-Mu'minun
The Believers
023
24
An-Nur
The Light
024
25
Al-Furqan
The Criterion
025
26
Ash-Shu'ara
The Poets
026
27
An-Naml
The Ant
027
28
Al-Qasas
The Stories
028
29
Al-'Ankabut
The Spider
029
30
Ar-Rum
The Romans
030
31
Luqman
Luqman
031
32
As-Sajdah
The Prostration
032
33
Al-Ahzab
The Combined Forces
033
34
Saba
Sheba
034
35
Fatir
Originator
035
36
Ya-Sin
Ya Sin
036
37
As-Saffat
Those who set the Ranks
037
38
Sad
The Letter "Saad"
038
39
Az-Zumar
The Troops
039
40
Ghafir
The Forgiver
040
41
Fussilat
Explained in Detail
041
42
Ash-Shuraa
The Consultation
042
43
Az-Zukhruf
The Ornaments of Gold
043
44
Ad-Dukhan
The Smoke
044
45
Al-Jathiyah
The Crouching
045
46
Al-Ahqaf
The Wind-Curved Sandhills
046
47
Muhammad
Muhammad
047
48
Al-Fath
The Victory
048
49
Al-Hujurat
The Rooms
049
50
Qaf
The Letter "Qaf"
050
51
Adh-Dhariyat
The Winnowing Winds
051
52
At-Tur
The Mount
052
53
An-Najm
The Star
053
54
Al-Qamar
The Moon
054
55
Ar-Rahman
The Beneficent
055
56
Al-Waqi'ah
The Inevitable
056
57
Al-Hadid
The Iron
057
58
Al-Mujadila
The Pleading Woman
058
59
Al-Hashr
The Exile
059
60
Al-Mumtahanah
She that is to be examined
060
61
As-Saf
The Ranks
061
62
Al-Jumu'ah
The Congregation, Friday
062
63
Al-Munafiqun
The Hypocrites
063
64
At-Taghabun
The Mutual Disillusion
064
65
At-Talaq
The Divorce
065
66
At-Tahrim
The Prohibition
066
67
Al-Mulk
The Sovereignty
067
68
Al-Qalam
The Pen
068
69
Al-Haqqah
The Reality
069
70
Al-Ma'arij
The Ascending Stairways
070
71
Nuh
Noah
071
72
Al-Jinn
The Jinn
072
73
Al-Muzzammil
The Enshrouded One
073
74
Al-Muddaththir
The Cloaked One
074
75
Al-Qiyamah
The Resurrection
075
76
Al-Insan
The Man
076
77
Al-Mursalat
The Emissaries
077
78
An-Naba
The Tidings
078
79
An-Nazi'at
Those who drag forth
079
80
Abasa
He Frowned
080
81
At-Takwir
The Overthrowing
081
82
Al-Infitar
The Cleaving
082
83
Al-Mutaffifin
The Defrauding
083
84
Al-Inshiqaq
The Sundering
084
85
Al-Buruj
The Mansions of the Stars
085
86
At-Tariq
The Nightcommer
086
87
Al-A'la
The Most High
087
88
Al-Ghashiyah
The Overwhelming
088
89
Al-Fajr
The Dawn
089
90
Al-Balad
The City
090
91
Ash-Shams
The Sun
091
92
Al-Layl
The Night
092
93
Ad-Duhaa
The Morning Hours
093
94
Ash-Sharh
The Relief
094
95
At-Tin
The Fig
095
96
Al-'Alaq
The Clot
096
97
Al-Qadr
The Power
097
98
Al-Bayyinah
The Clear Proof
098
99
Az-Zalzalah
The Earthquake
099
100
Al-'Adiyat
The Courser
100
101
Al-Qari'ah
The Calamity
101
102
At-Takathur
The Rivalry in world increase
102
103
Al-'Asr
The Declining Day
103
104
Al-Humazah
The Traducer
104
105
Al-Fil
The Elephant
105
106
Quraysh
Quraysh
106
107
Al-Ma'un
The Small kindnesses
107
108
Al-Kawthar
The Abundance
108
109
Al-Kafirun
The Disbelievers
109
110
An-Nasr
The Divine Support
110
111
Al-Masad
The Palm Fiber
111
112
Al-Ikhlas
The Sincerity
112
113
Al-Falaq
The Daybreak
113
114
An-Nas
Mankind
114

An-Nisa : 176

4:176
يَسْتَفْتُونَكَقُلِٱللَّهُيُفْتِيكُمْفِىٱلْكَلَٰلَةِإِنِٱمْرُؤٌا۟هَلَكَلَيْسَلَهُۥوَلَدٌوَلَهُۥٓأُخْتٌفَلَهَانِصْفُمَاتَرَكَوَهُوَيَرِثُهَآإِنلَّمْيَكُنلَّهَاوَلَدٌفَإِنكَانَتَاٱثْنَتَيْنِفَلَهُمَاٱلثُّلُثَانِمِمَّاتَرَكَوَإِنكَانُوٓا۟إِخْوَةًرِّجَالًاوَنِسَآءًفَلِلذَّكَرِمِثْلُحَظِّٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِيُبَيِّنُٱللَّهُلَكُمْأَنتَضِلُّوا۟وَٱللَّهُبِكُلِّشَىْءٍعَلِيمٌۢ ١٧٦

Saheeh International

They request from you a [legal] ruling. Say, " Allah gives you a ruling concerning one having neither descendants nor ascendants [as heirs]." If a man dies, leaving no child but [only] a sister, she will have half of what he left. And he inherits from her if she [dies and] has no child. But if there are two sisters [or more], they will have two-thirds of what he left. If there are both brothers and sisters, the male will have the share of two females. Allah makes clear to you [His law], lest you go astray. And Allah is Knowing of all things.

Tafseer 'Ibn Kathir' (EN)

This is the Last Ayah Ever Revealed, the Ruling on Al-Kalalah

Al-Bukhari recorded that;

Al-Bara' said that the last Surah to be revealed was Surah Bara'ah (Surah 9) and the last Ayah to be revealed was,

يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ

(They ask you for a legal verdict...).

Imam Ahmad recorded that Jabir bin Abdullah said,

"The Messenger of Allah came visiting me when I was so ill that I fell unconscious. He performed ablution and poured the remaining water on me, or had it poured on me. When I regained consciousness, I said, `I will only leave inheritance through Kalalah, so what about the inheritance that I leave behind.'

Allah later revealed the Ayah about Fara'id (inheritance (4:11)."'

The Two Sahihs and also the Group recorded it.

In one of the wordings, Jabir said that the Ayah on inheritance was revealed;

يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَلَةِ

They ask you for a legal verdict. Say:"Allah directs (thus) about Al-Kalalah.

The wording of the Ayah indicates that the question was about the Kalalah,

قُلِ اللّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ

(Say:"Allah directs (thus)...).

We mentioned the meaning of Kalalah before, that it means the crown that surrounds the head from all sides. This is why the scholars stated that;

Kalalah pertains to one who dies and leaves behind neither descendants, nor ascendants.

Some said that;

the Kalalah pertains to one who has no offspring, as the Ayah states.

إِنِ امْرُوٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ

..

If it is a man that dies, leaving no child,

The meaning and ruling of Kalalah was somewhat confusing to the Leader of the Faithful Umar bin Al-Khattab.

It is recorded in the Two Sahihs that Umar said,

"There are three matters that I wished the Messenger of Allah had explained to us, so that we could abide by his explanation. They are:

(the share in the inheritance of) the grandfather,

the Kalalah and

a certain type of Riba."

Imam Ahmad recorded that Ma`dan bin Abi Talhah said that Umar bin Al-Khattab said,

"There is nothing that I asked the Messenger of Allah about its meaning more than the Kalalah, until he stabbed me with his finger in my chest and said,

يَكْفِيكَ ايَةُ الصَّيْفِ الَّتِي فِي اخِرِ سُورَةِ النِّسَاء

The Ayah that is in the end of Surah An-Nisa' should suffice for you."

Ahmad mentioned this short narration for this Hadith, Muslim recorded a longer form of it.

The Meaning of This Ayah

Allah said,

إِنِ امْرُوٌ هَلَكَ

If it is a man that dies.

Allah said in another Ayah,

كُلُّ شَىْءٍ هَالِكٌ إِلاَّ وَجْهَهُ

Everything will perish save His Face. (28:88)

Therefore, everything and everyone dies and perishes except Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored.

Allah said,

كُلُّ مَنْ عَلَيْهَا فَانٍ

وَيَبْقَى وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو الْجَلْـلِ وَالاِكْرَامِ

Whatsoever is on it (the earth) will perish. And the Face of your Lord full of majesty and honor will remain forever. (55:26-27)

Allah said here,

لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ

leaving no child,

referring to the person who has neither children, nor parents.

What testifies to this, is that Allah said afterwards,

وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ

Leaving a sister, she shall have half the inheritance.

Had there been a surviving ascendant, the sister would not have inherited anything, and there is a consensus on this point.

Therefore, this Ayah is referring to the man who dies leaving behind neither descendants nor ascendants, as is apparent for those who contemplate its meaning. This is because when there is a surviving parent, the sister does not inherit anything, let alone half of the inheritance.

Ibn Jarir and others mentioned that;

Ibn Abbas and Ibn Az-Zubayr used to judge that if a person dies and leaves behind a daughter and a sister, the sister does not inherit anything. They would recite,

إِنِ امْرُوٌ هَلَكَ

لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ

(If it is a man that dies, leaving a sister, but no child, she shall have half the inheritance).

They said that;

if one leaves behind a daughter, then he has left behind a child. Therefore the sister does not get anything.

The majority of scholars disagreed with them, saying the daughter gets one half and the sister the other half, relying on other evidence. This Ayah (4:176 above) gives the sister half of the inheritance in the case that it specifies.

As for giving the sister half in other cases, Al-Bukhari recorded that Sulayman said that Ibrahim reported to Al-Aswad that he said,

"During the time of the Messenger of Allah, Mu`adh bin Jabal gave a judgment that the daughter gets one half and the sister the other half."

Al-Bukhari recorded that Huzayl bin Shurahbil said,

"Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari was asked about the case when there was a daughter, grand-daughter and sister to inherit.

He said, `The daughter gets one-half and the sister one-half.'

Go and ask Ibn Mas`ud, although I think he is going to agree with me.'

So Ibn Mas`ud was asked and was told about Abu Musa's answer, and Ibn Mas`ud commented, `I would have deviated then and would not have become among those who are rightly guided. I will give a judgment similar to the judgment given by the Prophet.

The daughter gets one-half, the grand-daughter gets one-sixth, and these two shares will add up to two-thirds. Whatever is left will be for the sister.'

We went back to Abu Musa and conveyed to him Ibn Mas`ud's answer and he said, `Do not ask me (for legal verdicts) as long as this scholar is still among you."'

Allah then said,

وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَأ إِن لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهَا وَلَدٌ

and he will be her heir if she has no children.

This Ayah means, the brother inherits all of that his sister leaves behind if she has no surviving offspring or parents. If she has a surviving parent, her brother would not inherit anything. If there is someone who gets a fixed share in the inheritance, such as a husband or half brother from the mother's side, they take their share and the rest goes to the brother.

It is recorded in the Two Sahihs that Ibn Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah said,

ألْحِقُوا الْفَرَايِضَ بِأَهْلِهَا فَمَا أَبْقَتِ الْفَرايِضُ فَلَِوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَر

Give the Farai'd to its people, and whatever is left is the share of the nearest male relative.

Allah said,

فَإِن كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا الثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ

If there are two sisters, they shall have two-thirds of the inheritance;

meaning, if the person who dies in Kalalah has two sisters, they get two-thirds of the inheritance. More than two sisters share in the two-thirds.

From this Ayah, the scholars took the ruling regarding the two daughters, or more, that they share in the two-thirds, just as the share of the sisters (two or more) was taken from the Ayah about the daughters,

فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَاء فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ

(if (there are) only daughters, two or more, their share is two thirds of the inheritance. (4:11)

Allah said,

وَإِن كَانُواْ إِخْوَةً رِّجَالاً وَنِسَاء فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الاُنثَيَيْنِ

if there are brothers and sisters, the male will have twice the share of the female.

This is the share that the male relatives (sons, grandsons, brothers) regularly get, that is, twice as much as the female gets.

Allah said,

يُبَيِّنُ اللّهُ لَكُمْ

(Thus) does Allah make clear to you...,

His Law and set limits, clarifying His legislation,

أَن تَضِلُّواْ

Lest you go astray.

from the truth after this explanation.

وَاللّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ

And Allah is the All-Knower of everything.

Allah has perfect knowledge in the consequences of everything and in the benefit that each matter carries for His servants. He also knows what each of the relatives deserves from the inheritance, according to the degree of relation he or she has with the deceased.

Ibn Jarir recorded that Tariq bin Shihab said that;

Umar gathered the Companions of the Messenger of Allah once and said, "I will give a ruling concerning the Kalalah that even women will talk about it in their bedrooms."

A snake then appeared in the house and the gathering had to disperse.

Umar commented, `Had Allah willed this (Umar's verdict regarding the Kalalah) to happen, it would have happened."

The chain of narration for this story is authentic.

Al-Hakim, Abu Abdullah An-Naysaburi recorded that;

Umar bin Al-Khattab said, `Had I asked the Messenger of Allah regarding three things, it would have been better for me than red camels. They are:

who should be the Khalifah after him;

about a people who said, `We agree to pay Zakah, but not to you (meaning to the Khalifah),' if we are allowed to fight them;

and about the Kalalah."

Al-Hakim said, "Its chain is Sahih according to the Two Sheikhs, and they did not recorded it."

Ibn Jarir also said that it was reported that Umar said,

"I feel shy to change a ruling that Abu Bakr issued. Abu Bakr used to say that the Kalalah is the person who has no descendants or ascendants."

Abu Bakr's saying is what the majority of scholars among the Companions, their followers and the earlier and later Imams agree with. This is also the ruling that the Qur'an indicates. For Allah stated that He has explained and made plain the ruling of the Kalalah, when He said,

يُبَيِّنُ اللّهُ لَكُمْ أَن تَضِلُّواْ وَاللّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ

((Thus) does Allah makes clear to you (His Law) lest you go astray. And Allah is the All-Knower of everything).

And Allah knows best.

This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Al-Nisa'. Allah, may He be glorified and exalted, is the Guide to the right way.

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Quran Mazid
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Quran Mazid
Surah
Juz
Page
1
Al-Fatihah
The Opener
001
2
Al-Baqarah
The Cow
002
3
Ali 'Imran
Family of Imran
003
4
An-Nisa
The Women
004
5
Al-Ma'idah
The Table Spread
005
6
Al-An'am
The Cattle
006
7
Al-A'raf
The Heights
007
8
Al-Anfal
The Spoils of War
008
9
At-Tawbah
The Repentance
009
10
Yunus
Jonah
010
11
Hud
Hud
011
12
Yusuf
Joseph
012
13
Ar-Ra'd
The Thunder
013
14
Ibrahim
Abraham
014
15
Al-Hijr
The Rocky Tract
015
16
An-Nahl
The Bee
016
17
Al-Isra
The Night Journey
017
18
Al-Kahf
The Cave
018
19
Maryam
Mary
019
20
Taha
Ta-Ha
020
21
Al-Anbya
The Prophets
021
22
Al-Hajj
The Pilgrimage
022
23
Al-Mu'minun
The Believers
023
24
An-Nur
The Light
024
25
Al-Furqan
The Criterion
025
26
Ash-Shu'ara
The Poets
026
27
An-Naml
The Ant
027
28
Al-Qasas
The Stories
028
29
Al-'Ankabut
The Spider
029
30
Ar-Rum
The Romans
030
31
Luqman
Luqman
031
32
As-Sajdah
The Prostration
032
33
Al-Ahzab
The Combined Forces
033
34
Saba
Sheba
034
35
Fatir
Originator
035
36
Ya-Sin
Ya Sin
036
37
As-Saffat
Those who set the Ranks
037
38
Sad
The Letter "Saad"
038
39
Az-Zumar
The Troops
039
40
Ghafir
The Forgiver
040
41
Fussilat
Explained in Detail
041
42
Ash-Shuraa
The Consultation
042
43
Az-Zukhruf
The Ornaments of Gold
043
44
Ad-Dukhan
The Smoke
044
45
Al-Jathiyah
The Crouching
045
46
Al-Ahqaf
The Wind-Curved Sandhills
046
47
Muhammad
Muhammad
047
48
Al-Fath
The Victory
048
49
Al-Hujurat
The Rooms
049
50
Qaf
The Letter "Qaf"
050
51
Adh-Dhariyat
The Winnowing Winds
051
52
At-Tur
The Mount
052
53
An-Najm
The Star
053
54
Al-Qamar
The Moon
054
55
Ar-Rahman
The Beneficent
055
56
Al-Waqi'ah
The Inevitable
056
57
Al-Hadid
The Iron
057
58
Al-Mujadila
The Pleading Woman
058
59
Al-Hashr
The Exile
059
60
Al-Mumtahanah
She that is to be examined
060
61
As-Saf
The Ranks
061
62
Al-Jumu'ah
The Congregation, Friday
062
63
Al-Munafiqun
The Hypocrites
063
64
At-Taghabun
The Mutual Disillusion
064
65
At-Talaq
The Divorce
065
66
At-Tahrim
The Prohibition
066
67
Al-Mulk
The Sovereignty
067
68
Al-Qalam
The Pen
068
69
Al-Haqqah
The Reality
069
70
Al-Ma'arij
The Ascending Stairways
070
71
Nuh
Noah
071
72
Al-Jinn
The Jinn
072
73
Al-Muzzammil
The Enshrouded One
073
74
Al-Muddaththir
The Cloaked One
074
75
Al-Qiyamah
The Resurrection
075
76
Al-Insan
The Man
076
77
Al-Mursalat
The Emissaries
077
78
An-Naba
The Tidings
078
79
An-Nazi'at
Those who drag forth
079
80
Abasa
He Frowned
080
81
At-Takwir
The Overthrowing
081
82
Al-Infitar
The Cleaving
082
83
Al-Mutaffifin
The Defrauding
083
84
Al-Inshiqaq
The Sundering
084
85
Al-Buruj
The Mansions of the Stars
085
86
At-Tariq
The Nightcommer
086
87
Al-A'la
The Most High
087
88
Al-Ghashiyah
The Overwhelming
088
89
Al-Fajr
The Dawn
089
90
Al-Balad
The City
090
91
Ash-Shams
The Sun
091
92
Al-Layl
The Night
092
93
Ad-Duhaa
The Morning Hours
093
94
Ash-Sharh
The Relief
094
95
At-Tin
The Fig
095
96
Al-'Alaq
The Clot
096
97
Al-Qadr
The Power
097
98
Al-Bayyinah
The Clear Proof
098
99
Az-Zalzalah
The Earthquake
099
100
Al-'Adiyat
The Courser
100
101
Al-Qari'ah
The Calamity
101
102
At-Takathur
The Rivalry in world increase
102
103
Al-'Asr
The Declining Day
103
104
Al-Humazah
The Traducer
104
105
Al-Fil
The Elephant
105
106
Quraysh
Quraysh
106
107
Al-Ma'un
The Small kindnesses
107
108
Al-Kawthar
The Abundance
108
109
Al-Kafirun
The Disbelievers
109
110
An-Nasr
The Divine Support
110
111
Al-Masad
The Palm Fiber
111
112
Al-Ikhlas
The Sincerity
112
113
Al-Falaq
The Daybreak
113
114
An-Nas
Mankind
114
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