Surah Al Baqarah Tafseer

Surah
Juz
Page
1
Al-Fatihah
The Opener
001
2
Al-Baqarah
The Cow
002
3
Ali 'Imran
Family of Imran
003
4
An-Nisa
The Women
004
5
Al-Ma'idah
The Table Spread
005
6
Al-An'am
The Cattle
006
7
Al-A'raf
The Heights
007
8
Al-Anfal
The Spoils of War
008
9
At-Tawbah
The Repentance
009
10
Yunus
Jonah
010
11
Hud
Hud
011
12
Yusuf
Joseph
012
13
Ar-Ra'd
The Thunder
013
14
Ibrahim
Abraham
014
15
Al-Hijr
The Rocky Tract
015
16
An-Nahl
The Bee
016
17
Al-Isra
The Night Journey
017
18
Al-Kahf
The Cave
018
19
Maryam
Mary
019
20
Taha
Ta-Ha
020
21
Al-Anbya
The Prophets
021
22
Al-Hajj
The Pilgrimage
022
23
Al-Mu'minun
The Believers
023
24
An-Nur
The Light
024
25
Al-Furqan
The Criterion
025
26
Ash-Shu'ara
The Poets
026
27
An-Naml
The Ant
027
28
Al-Qasas
The Stories
028
29
Al-'Ankabut
The Spider
029
30
Ar-Rum
The Romans
030
31
Luqman
Luqman
031
32
As-Sajdah
The Prostration
032
33
Al-Ahzab
The Combined Forces
033
34
Saba
Sheba
034
35
Fatir
Originator
035
36
Ya-Sin
Ya Sin
036
37
As-Saffat
Those who set the Ranks
037
38
Sad
The Letter "Saad"
038
39
Az-Zumar
The Troops
039
40
Ghafir
The Forgiver
040
41
Fussilat
Explained in Detail
041
42
Ash-Shuraa
The Consultation
042
43
Az-Zukhruf
The Ornaments of Gold
043
44
Ad-Dukhan
The Smoke
044
45
Al-Jathiyah
The Crouching
045
46
Al-Ahqaf
The Wind-Curved Sandhills
046
47
Muhammad
Muhammad
047
48
Al-Fath
The Victory
048
49
Al-Hujurat
The Rooms
049
50
Qaf
The Letter "Qaf"
050
51
Adh-Dhariyat
The Winnowing Winds
051
52
At-Tur
The Mount
052
53
An-Najm
The Star
053
54
Al-Qamar
The Moon
054
55
Ar-Rahman
The Beneficent
055
56
Al-Waqi'ah
The Inevitable
056
57
Al-Hadid
The Iron
057
58
Al-Mujadila
The Pleading Woman
058
59
Al-Hashr
The Exile
059
60
Al-Mumtahanah
She that is to be examined
060
61
As-Saf
The Ranks
061
62
Al-Jumu'ah
The Congregation, Friday
062
63
Al-Munafiqun
The Hypocrites
063
64
At-Taghabun
The Mutual Disillusion
064
65
At-Talaq
The Divorce
065
66
At-Tahrim
The Prohibition
066
67
Al-Mulk
The Sovereignty
067
68
Al-Qalam
The Pen
068
69
Al-Haqqah
The Reality
069
70
Al-Ma'arij
The Ascending Stairways
070
71
Nuh
Noah
071
72
Al-Jinn
The Jinn
072
73
Al-Muzzammil
The Enshrouded One
073
74
Al-Muddaththir
The Cloaked One
074
75
Al-Qiyamah
The Resurrection
075
76
Al-Insan
The Man
076
77
Al-Mursalat
The Emissaries
077
78
An-Naba
The Tidings
078
79
An-Nazi'at
Those who drag forth
079
80
Abasa
He Frowned
080
81
At-Takwir
The Overthrowing
081
82
Al-Infitar
The Cleaving
082
83
Al-Mutaffifin
The Defrauding
083
84
Al-Inshiqaq
The Sundering
084
85
Al-Buruj
The Mansions of the Stars
085
86
At-Tariq
The Nightcommer
086
87
Al-A'la
The Most High
087
88
Al-Ghashiyah
The Overwhelming
088
89
Al-Fajr
The Dawn
089
90
Al-Balad
The City
090
91
Ash-Shams
The Sun
091
92
Al-Layl
The Night
092
93
Ad-Duhaa
The Morning Hours
093
94
Ash-Sharh
The Relief
094
95
At-Tin
The Fig
095
96
Al-'Alaq
The Clot
096
97
Al-Qadr
The Power
097
98
Al-Bayyinah
The Clear Proof
098
99
Az-Zalzalah
The Earthquake
099
100
Al-'Adiyat
The Courser
100
101
Al-Qari'ah
The Calamity
101
102
At-Takathur
The Rivalry in world increase
102
103
Al-'Asr
The Declining Day
103
104
Al-Humazah
The Traducer
104
105
Al-Fil
The Elephant
105
106
Quraysh
Quraysh
106
107
Al-Ma'un
The Small kindnesses
107
108
Al-Kawthar
The Abundance
108
109
Al-Kafirun
The Disbelievers
109
110
An-Nasr
The Divine Support
110
111
Al-Masad
The Palm Fiber
111
112
Al-Ikhlas
The Sincerity
112
113
Al-Falaq
The Daybreak
113
114
An-Nas
Mankind
114

Al-Baqarah : 233

2:233
وَٱلْوَٰلِدَٰتُيُرْضِعْنَأَوْلَٰدَهُنَّحَوْلَيْنِكَامِلَيْنِلِمَنْأَرَادَأَنيُتِمَّٱلرَّضَاعَةَوَعَلَىٱلْمَوْلُودِلَهُۥرِزْقُهُنَّوَكِسْوَتُهُنَّبِٱلْمَعْرُوفِلَاتُكَلَّفُنَفْسٌإِلَّاوُسْعَهَالَاتُضَآرَّوَٰلِدَةٌۢبِوَلَدِهَاوَلَامَوْلُودٌلَّهُۥبِوَلَدِهِۦوَعَلَىٱلْوَارِثِمِثْلُذَٰلِكَفَإِنْأَرَادَافِصَالًاعَنتَرَاضٍمِّنْهُمَاوَتَشَاوُرٍفَلَاجُنَاحَعَلَيْهِمَاوَإِنْأَرَدتُّمْأَنتَسْتَرْضِعُوٓا۟أَوْلَٰدَكُمْفَلَاجُنَاحَعَلَيْكُمْإِذَاسَلَّمْتُممَّآءَاتَيْتُمبِٱلْمَعْرُوفِوَٱتَّقُوا۟ٱللَّهَوَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟أَنَّٱللَّهَبِمَاتَعْمَلُونَبَصِيرٌ ٢٣٣

Saheeh International

Mothers may breastfeed their children two complete years for whoever wishes to complete the nursing [period]. Upon the father is the mothers' provision and their clothing according to what is acceptable. No person is charged with more than his capacity. No mother should be harmed through her child, and no father through his child. And upon the [father's] heir is [a duty] like that [of the father]. And if they both desire weaning through mutual consent from both of them and consultation, there is no blame upon either of them. And if you wish to have your children nursed by a substitute, there is no blame upon you as long as you give payment according to what is acceptable. And fear Allah and know that Allah is Seeing of what you do.

Tafseer 'Ibn Kathir' (EN)

The Suckling Period is only Two Years

Allah says;

وَالْوَالِدَاتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ حَوْلَيْنِ كَامِلَيْنِ لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَن يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ

The mothers should suckle their children for two whole years, (that is) for those (parents) who desire to complete the term of suckling,

This is a direction from Allah to the mothers to suckle their infants through the complete term of suckling, which is two years. Hence, suckling after two years is not included in this address.

Allah said:

لِمَنْ أَرَادَ أَن يُتِمَّ الرَّضَاعَةَ

(...who desire to complete the term of suckling),

Therefore, the suckling that establishes Tahrim (prohibition, i.e., one cannot marry his mother or sister from suckling) is what occurs before the two years end. If the infant is suckled only after two years of age, then no Tahrim will be established.

At-Tirmidhi under Chapter:`Suckling establishes Tahrim within the first two years,' reported that Umm Salamah narrated that Allah's Messenger said:

لَاا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ إِلاَّ مَا فَتَقَ الاْاَمْعَاءَ فِي الثَّدْيِ وَكَانَ قَبْلَ الْفِطَام

Suckling establishes Tahrim if it is on the breast and before Fitam (before weaning, i.e., before the end of the first two years).

At-Tirmidhi said, "This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

The majority of the people of knowledge among the Companions of Allah's Messenger and others acted upon this, that is that suckling establishes Tahrim (prohibition in marriage) before the end of the two years and that whatever occurs after that does not establish Tahrim.

At-Tirmidhi is alone in recording this Hadith and the narrators in its chain meet the criteria of the Sahihayn.

The Prophet's statement:إِلَّا مَا كَانَ فِي الثَّدْي (On the breast), refers to the organ of suckling before the two years.

Imam Ahmad reported a Hadith in which Al-Bara bin Azib narrated,

"When Ibrahim, the Prophet's son, died, the Prophet said:

إِنَّ ابْنِي مَاتَ فِي الثَّدْيِ إِنَّ لَهُ مُرْضِعًا فِي الْجَنَّـة

My son has died on the breast and he has someone to suckle him in Paradise.

Furthermore, Ad-Daraqutni related that Ibn Abbas said that Allah's Messenger said:

لَاا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ الرَّضَاعِ إِلاَّ مَا كَانَ فِي الْحَوْلَيْن

Suckling establishes Tahrim only within the (first) two years.

Imam Malik reported this Hadith from Thawr bin Zayd who narrated that Ibn Abbas related it to the Prophet.

Ad-Darawardi reported this Hadith from Thawr who narrated it from Ikrimah who narrated it from Ibn Abbas. In this narration, which is more authentic, he added:

وَمَا كَانَ بَعْدَ الْحَوْلَيْنِ فَليْسَ بِشَيْء

Whatever occurs after the two years is not considered.

Suckling beyond the Two Years

It is reported in the Sahih that;

Aishah thought that if a woman gives her milk to an older person (meaning beyond the age of two years) then this will establish Tahrim.

This is also the opinion of Ata bin Abu Rabah and Layth bin Sa`d.

Hence, Aishah thought that it is permissible to suckle the man whom the woman needs to be allowed in her house. She used as evidence the Hadith of Salim, the freed slave of Abu Hudhayfah, where the Prophet ordered Abu Hudhayfah's wife to give some of her milk to Salim, although he was a man, and ever since then, he used to enter her house freely.

However, the rest of the Prophet's wives did not agree with this opinion and thought that this was only a special case.

This is also the opinion of the majority of the scholars.

Suckling for Monetary Compensation

Allah said:

وَعلَى الْمَوْلُودِ لَهُ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ

but the father of the child shall bear the cost of the mother's food and clothing on a reasonable basis.

meaning, the father of the baby is obliged to provide for the expenses of the mother and to buy her clothes, in reasonable amounts usually used by similar women in that area, without extravagance or stinginess. The father spends within his means in this case.

Allah said in another Ayah:

لِيُنفِقْ ذُو سَعَةٍ مِّن سَعَتِهِ وَمَن قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُ فَلْيُنفِقْ مِمَّأ ءَاتَاهُ اللَّهُ لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْساً إِلاَّ مَأ ءَاتَاهَا سَيَجْعَلُ اللَّهُ بَعْدَ عُسْرٍ يُسْراً

Let the rich man spend according to his means; and the man whose resources are restricted, let him spend according to what Allah has given him. Allah puts no burden on any person beyond what He has given him. Allah will grant after hardship, ease. (65:7)

Ad-Dahhak commented,

"If the husband divorces his wife, with whom he had a child, and she suckles that child, he is required to provide for the mother's expenses and clothes within reason."

لَا تُكَلَّفُ نَفْسٌ إِلاَّ وُسْعَهَا

No person shall have a burden laid on him greater than he can bear.

No Darar (Harm) or Dirar (Revenge)

Allah said:

لَا تُضَأرَّ وَالِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِهَا

No mother shall be treated unfairly on account of her child,

meaning, the mother should not decline to rear her child to harm its father. The mother does not have the right to refrain from suckling the child after giving birth, unless she suckles him/her the milk that is necessary for his/her survival. Later on, she is allowed to give up custody of the child as long as she does not do that intending to harm the father.

In addition, the father is not allowed to take the child from his mother to harm the mother.

This is why Allah said:

وَلَا مَوْلُودٌ لَّهُ بِوَلَدِهِ

nor father on account of his child.

meaning, by taking the child from its mother intending to harm the mother.

This is the Tafsir of Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, Az-Zuhri, As-Suddi, Ath-Thawri and Ibn Zayd, and others on this Ayah.

Allah then said:

وَعَلَى الْوَارِثِ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ

And on the (father's) heir is incumbent the like of that (which was incumbent on the father).

Mujahid, Ash-Sha`bi and Ad-Dahhak stated,

meaning, by refraining from harming the relative (of the father, i.e., his infant).

It was also reported that;

(the Ayah requires) the inheritor (of the father) to spend on the mother of the child, just as the father was spending, and to preserve her rights and refrain from harming her, according to the Tafsir of the majority of the scholars.

We should state that;

Ibn Jarir has explained this subject in detail in his Tafsir and that he also stated that suckling the child after the second year might harm the child's body and mind.

Sufyan Ath-Thawri narrated that,

Alqamah asked a woman who was suckling her child after the second year ended, not to do that.

Fitam (weaning) occurs by Mutual Consent

Allah said:

فَإِنْ أَرَادَا فِصَالاً عَن تَرَاضٍ مِّنْهُمَا وَتَشَاوُرٍ فَلَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا

If they both decide on weaning, by mutual consent, and after due consultation, there is no sin on them.

This Ayah indicates that if the father and the mother decide on the Fitam (weaning) before the two years (of suckling) end, and for a benefit that they duly discuss and agree upon, then there is no sin in this case.

So, the Ayah indicates that one parent is not allowed to make this kind of decision without duly consulting the other parent, as stated by Ath-Thawri.

The method of mutual consultation protects the child's interests. It is also a mercy from Allah to His servants, for He has legislated the best method for parents to rear their children, and His legislation guides and directs the parents and the children to success.

Similarly, Allah said in Surah At-Talaq,

فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَـَاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَأْتَمِرُواْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَإِن تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُ أُخْرَى

Then if they give suck to the children for you, give them their due payment, and let each of you accept the advice of the other in a just way. But if you make difficulties for one another, then some other woman may give suck for him (the father of the child). (65:6)

Allah then said:

وَإِنْ أَرَدتُّمْ أَن تَسْتَرْضِعُواْ أَوْلَادَكُمْ فَلَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذَا سَلَّمْتُم مَّأ اتَيْتُم بِالْمَعْرُوفِ

And if you decide on a foster suckling-mother for your children, there is no sin on you, provided you pay (the mother) what you agreed (to give her) on a reasonable basis.

meaning, if the mother and the father both agree that the father assumes custody of the child due to a circumstance that compels her or allows him to do so, then there is no sin in this case.

Hence, the mother is allowed to give up the child and the father is allowed to assume custody of the child.

The father should kindly give the mother her expenses for the previous period (during which she reared and suckled the child), and he should seek other women to suckle his child for monetary compensation.

Thereafter, Allah said:

وَاتَّقُواْ اللّهَ

And fear Allah,

meaning, in all of your affairs.

وَاعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ

And know that Allah is All-Seer of what you do.

meaning, none of your affairs or speech escapes His perfect Watch

Quran Mazid
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Quran Mazid
Surah
Juz
Page
1
Al-Fatihah
The Opener
001
2
Al-Baqarah
The Cow
002
3
Ali 'Imran
Family of Imran
003
4
An-Nisa
The Women
004
5
Al-Ma'idah
The Table Spread
005
6
Al-An'am
The Cattle
006
7
Al-A'raf
The Heights
007
8
Al-Anfal
The Spoils of War
008
9
At-Tawbah
The Repentance
009
10
Yunus
Jonah
010
11
Hud
Hud
011
12
Yusuf
Joseph
012
13
Ar-Ra'd
The Thunder
013
14
Ibrahim
Abraham
014
15
Al-Hijr
The Rocky Tract
015
16
An-Nahl
The Bee
016
17
Al-Isra
The Night Journey
017
18
Al-Kahf
The Cave
018
19
Maryam
Mary
019
20
Taha
Ta-Ha
020
21
Al-Anbya
The Prophets
021
22
Al-Hajj
The Pilgrimage
022
23
Al-Mu'minun
The Believers
023
24
An-Nur
The Light
024
25
Al-Furqan
The Criterion
025
26
Ash-Shu'ara
The Poets
026
27
An-Naml
The Ant
027
28
Al-Qasas
The Stories
028
29
Al-'Ankabut
The Spider
029
30
Ar-Rum
The Romans
030
31
Luqman
Luqman
031
32
As-Sajdah
The Prostration
032
33
Al-Ahzab
The Combined Forces
033
34
Saba
Sheba
034
35
Fatir
Originator
035
36
Ya-Sin
Ya Sin
036
37
As-Saffat
Those who set the Ranks
037
38
Sad
The Letter "Saad"
038
39
Az-Zumar
The Troops
039
40
Ghafir
The Forgiver
040
41
Fussilat
Explained in Detail
041
42
Ash-Shuraa
The Consultation
042
43
Az-Zukhruf
The Ornaments of Gold
043
44
Ad-Dukhan
The Smoke
044
45
Al-Jathiyah
The Crouching
045
46
Al-Ahqaf
The Wind-Curved Sandhills
046
47
Muhammad
Muhammad
047
48
Al-Fath
The Victory
048
49
Al-Hujurat
The Rooms
049
50
Qaf
The Letter "Qaf"
050
51
Adh-Dhariyat
The Winnowing Winds
051
52
At-Tur
The Mount
052
53
An-Najm
The Star
053
54
Al-Qamar
The Moon
054
55
Ar-Rahman
The Beneficent
055
56
Al-Waqi'ah
The Inevitable
056
57
Al-Hadid
The Iron
057
58
Al-Mujadila
The Pleading Woman
058
59
Al-Hashr
The Exile
059
60
Al-Mumtahanah
She that is to be examined
060
61
As-Saf
The Ranks
061
62
Al-Jumu'ah
The Congregation, Friday
062
63
Al-Munafiqun
The Hypocrites
063
64
At-Taghabun
The Mutual Disillusion
064
65
At-Talaq
The Divorce
065
66
At-Tahrim
The Prohibition
066
67
Al-Mulk
The Sovereignty
067
68
Al-Qalam
The Pen
068
69
Al-Haqqah
The Reality
069
70
Al-Ma'arij
The Ascending Stairways
070
71
Nuh
Noah
071
72
Al-Jinn
The Jinn
072
73
Al-Muzzammil
The Enshrouded One
073
74
Al-Muddaththir
The Cloaked One
074
75
Al-Qiyamah
The Resurrection
075
76
Al-Insan
The Man
076
77
Al-Mursalat
The Emissaries
077
78
An-Naba
The Tidings
078
79
An-Nazi'at
Those who drag forth
079
80
Abasa
He Frowned
080
81
At-Takwir
The Overthrowing
081
82
Al-Infitar
The Cleaving
082
83
Al-Mutaffifin
The Defrauding
083
84
Al-Inshiqaq
The Sundering
084
85
Al-Buruj
The Mansions of the Stars
085
86
At-Tariq
The Nightcommer
086
87
Al-A'la
The Most High
087
88
Al-Ghashiyah
The Overwhelming
088
89
Al-Fajr
The Dawn
089
90
Al-Balad
The City
090
91
Ash-Shams
The Sun
091
92
Al-Layl
The Night
092
93
Ad-Duhaa
The Morning Hours
093
94
Ash-Sharh
The Relief
094
95
At-Tin
The Fig
095
96
Al-'Alaq
The Clot
096
97
Al-Qadr
The Power
097
98
Al-Bayyinah
The Clear Proof
098
99
Az-Zalzalah
The Earthquake
099
100
Al-'Adiyat
The Courser
100
101
Al-Qari'ah
The Calamity
101
102
At-Takathur
The Rivalry in world increase
102
103
Al-'Asr
The Declining Day
103
104
Al-Humazah
The Traducer
104
105
Al-Fil
The Elephant
105
106
Quraysh
Quraysh
106
107
Al-Ma'un
The Small kindnesses
107
108
Al-Kawthar
The Abundance
108
109
Al-Kafirun
The Disbelievers
109
110
An-Nasr
The Divine Support
110
111
Al-Masad
The Palm Fiber
111
112
Al-Ikhlas
The Sincerity
112
113
Al-Falaq
The Daybreak
113
114
An-Nas
Mankind
114
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