Surah Al Baqarah Tafseer

Surah
Juz
Page
1
Al-Fatihah
The Opener
001
2
Al-Baqarah
The Cow
002
3
Ali 'Imran
Family of Imran
003
4
An-Nisa
The Women
004
5
Al-Ma'idah
The Table Spread
005
6
Al-An'am
The Cattle
006
7
Al-A'raf
The Heights
007
8
Al-Anfal
The Spoils of War
008
9
At-Tawbah
The Repentance
009
10
Yunus
Jonah
010
11
Hud
Hud
011
12
Yusuf
Joseph
012
13
Ar-Ra'd
The Thunder
013
14
Ibrahim
Abraham
014
15
Al-Hijr
The Rocky Tract
015
16
An-Nahl
The Bee
016
17
Al-Isra
The Night Journey
017
18
Al-Kahf
The Cave
018
19
Maryam
Mary
019
20
Taha
Ta-Ha
020
21
Al-Anbya
The Prophets
021
22
Al-Hajj
The Pilgrimage
022
23
Al-Mu'minun
The Believers
023
24
An-Nur
The Light
024
25
Al-Furqan
The Criterion
025
26
Ash-Shu'ara
The Poets
026
27
An-Naml
The Ant
027
28
Al-Qasas
The Stories
028
29
Al-'Ankabut
The Spider
029
30
Ar-Rum
The Romans
030
31
Luqman
Luqman
031
32
As-Sajdah
The Prostration
032
33
Al-Ahzab
The Combined Forces
033
34
Saba
Sheba
034
35
Fatir
Originator
035
36
Ya-Sin
Ya Sin
036
37
As-Saffat
Those who set the Ranks
037
38
Sad
The Letter "Saad"
038
39
Az-Zumar
The Troops
039
40
Ghafir
The Forgiver
040
41
Fussilat
Explained in Detail
041
42
Ash-Shuraa
The Consultation
042
43
Az-Zukhruf
The Ornaments of Gold
043
44
Ad-Dukhan
The Smoke
044
45
Al-Jathiyah
The Crouching
045
46
Al-Ahqaf
The Wind-Curved Sandhills
046
47
Muhammad
Muhammad
047
48
Al-Fath
The Victory
048
49
Al-Hujurat
The Rooms
049
50
Qaf
The Letter "Qaf"
050
51
Adh-Dhariyat
The Winnowing Winds
051
52
At-Tur
The Mount
052
53
An-Najm
The Star
053
54
Al-Qamar
The Moon
054
55
Ar-Rahman
The Beneficent
055
56
Al-Waqi'ah
The Inevitable
056
57
Al-Hadid
The Iron
057
58
Al-Mujadila
The Pleading Woman
058
59
Al-Hashr
The Exile
059
60
Al-Mumtahanah
She that is to be examined
060
61
As-Saf
The Ranks
061
62
Al-Jumu'ah
The Congregation, Friday
062
63
Al-Munafiqun
The Hypocrites
063
64
At-Taghabun
The Mutual Disillusion
064
65
At-Talaq
The Divorce
065
66
At-Tahrim
The Prohibition
066
67
Al-Mulk
The Sovereignty
067
68
Al-Qalam
The Pen
068
69
Al-Haqqah
The Reality
069
70
Al-Ma'arij
The Ascending Stairways
070
71
Nuh
Noah
071
72
Al-Jinn
The Jinn
072
73
Al-Muzzammil
The Enshrouded One
073
74
Al-Muddaththir
The Cloaked One
074
75
Al-Qiyamah
The Resurrection
075
76
Al-Insan
The Man
076
77
Al-Mursalat
The Emissaries
077
78
An-Naba
The Tidings
078
79
An-Nazi'at
Those who drag forth
079
80
Abasa
He Frowned
080
81
At-Takwir
The Overthrowing
081
82
Al-Infitar
The Cleaving
082
83
Al-Mutaffifin
The Defrauding
083
84
Al-Inshiqaq
The Sundering
084
85
Al-Buruj
The Mansions of the Stars
085
86
At-Tariq
The Nightcommer
086
87
Al-A'la
The Most High
087
88
Al-Ghashiyah
The Overwhelming
088
89
Al-Fajr
The Dawn
089
90
Al-Balad
The City
090
91
Ash-Shams
The Sun
091
92
Al-Layl
The Night
092
93
Ad-Duhaa
The Morning Hours
093
94
Ash-Sharh
The Relief
094
95
At-Tin
The Fig
095
96
Al-'Alaq
The Clot
096
97
Al-Qadr
The Power
097
98
Al-Bayyinah
The Clear Proof
098
99
Az-Zalzalah
The Earthquake
099
100
Al-'Adiyat
The Courser
100
101
Al-Qari'ah
The Calamity
101
102
At-Takathur
The Rivalry in world increase
102
103
Al-'Asr
The Declining Day
103
104
Al-Humazah
The Traducer
104
105
Al-Fil
The Elephant
105
106
Quraysh
Quraysh
106
107
Al-Ma'un
The Small kindnesses
107
108
Al-Kawthar
The Abundance
108
109
Al-Kafirun
The Disbelievers
109
110
An-Nasr
The Divine Support
110
111
Al-Masad
The Palm Fiber
111
112
Al-Ikhlas
The Sincerity
112
113
Al-Falaq
The Daybreak
113
114
An-Nas
Mankind
114

Al-Baqarah : 178

2:178
يَٰٓأَيُّهَاٱلَّذِينَءَامَنُوا۟كُتِبَعَلَيْكُمُٱلْقِصَاصُفِىٱلْقَتْلَىٱلْحُرُّبِٱلْحُرِّوَٱلْعَبْدُبِٱلْعَبْدِوَٱلْأُنثَىٰبِٱلْأُنثَىٰفَمَنْعُفِىَلَهُۥمِنْأَخِيهِشَىْءٌفَٱتِّبَاعٌۢبِٱلْمَعْرُوفِوَأَدَآءٌإِلَيْهِبِإِحْسَٰنٍذَٰلِكَتَخْفِيفٌمِّنرَّبِّكُمْوَرَحْمَةٌفَمَنِٱعْتَدَىٰبَعْدَذَٰلِكَفَلَهُۥعَذَابٌأَلِيمٌ ١٧٨

Saheeh International

O you who have believed, prescribed for you is legal retribution for those murdered - the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female. But whoever overlooks from his brother anything, then there should be a suitable follow-up and payment to him with good conduct. This is an alleviation from your Lord and a mercy. But whoever transgresses after that will have a painful punishment.

Tafseer 'Ibn Kathir' (EN)

The Command and the Wisdom behind the Law of Equality

Allah says;

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُواْ

كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالاُنثَى بِالاُنثَى

O you who believe! Al-Qisas (the Law of equality) is prescribed for you in case of murder:the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female.

Allah states:O believers! The Law of equality has been ordained on you (for cases of murder), the free for the free, the slave for the slave and the female for the female. Therefore, do not transgress the set limits, as others before you transgressed them, and thus changed what Allah has ordained for them.

The reason behind this statement is that (the Jewish tribe of) Banu An-Nadir invaded Qurayzah (another Jewish tribe) during the time of Jahiliyyah (before Islam) and defeated them. Hence, (they made it a law that) when a person from Nadir kills a person from Quraizah, he is not killed in retaliation, but only pays a hundred Wasq of dates. However, when a person from Quraizah kills a Nadir man, he would be killed for him. If Nadir wanted (to forfeit the execution of the murderer and instead require him) to pay a ransom, the Quraizah man pays two hundred Wasq of dates (double the amount Nadir pays in Diyah (blood money)). So Allah commanded that justice be observed regarding the penal code, and that the path of the misguided and mischievous persons be avoided, who in disbelief and transgression, defy and alter what Allah has commanded them. Allah said:

كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالاُنثَى بِالاُنثَى

Al-Qisas (the Law of equality in punishment) is prescribed for you in case of murder:the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female.

Allah's statement:

الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالاُنثَى بِالاُنثَى

(the free for the free, the slave for the slave, and the female for the female) was abrogated by the statement life for life (5:45).

However, the majority of scholars agree that the Muslim is not killed for a disbeliever whom he kills.

Al- Bukhari reported that Ali narrated that Allah's Messenger said:

وَلَا يُقْتَلُ مُسْلِمٌ بِكَافِر

The Muslim is not killed for the disbeliever (whom he kills).

No opinion that opposes this ruling could stand correct, nor is there an authentic Hadith to contradict it. However, Abu Hanifah thought that the Muslim could be killed for a disbeliever, following the general meaning of the Ayah (5:45) in Surah Al-Ma'idah.

The Four Imams (Abu Hanifah, Malik, Shafii and Ahmad) and the majority of scholars stated that;

the group is killed for one person whom they murder.

Umar said, about a boy who was killed by seven men,

"If all the residents of San`a' (capital of Yemen today) collaborated on killing him, I would kill them all."

No opposing opinion was known by the Companions during that time which constitutes a near Ijma (consensus).

There is an opinion attributed to Imam Ahmad that;

a group of people is not killed for one person whom they kill, and that only one person is killed for one person.

Ibn Al-Mundhir also attributed this opinion to Mu`adh, Ibn Az-Zubayr, Abdul-Malik bin Marwan, Az-Zuhri, Ibn Sirin and Habib bin Abu Thabit.

Allah's statement:

...

فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ

فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ

وَأَدَاء إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ

But if the killer is forgiven by the brother (or the relatives) of the killed (against blood money), then it should be sought in a good manner, and paid to him respectfully.

refers to accepting blood money (by the relatives of the victim in return for pardoning the killer) in cases of intentional murder.

This opinion is attributed to Abu Al-Aliyah, Abu Sha`tha', Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ata Al-Hasan, Qatadah and Muqatil bin Hayyan.

Ad-Dahhak said that Ibn Abbas said:

فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ

(But if the killer is forgiven by the brother (or the relatives) of the killed (against blood money), means,

"the killer is pardoned by his brother (i.e., the relative of the victim) and accepting the Diyah after capital punishment becomes due (against the killer), this is the `Afw (pardon mentioned in the Ayah)."

Allah's statement:

...

فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ

...then it should be sought in a good manner,

means, when the relative agrees to take the blood money, he should collect his rightful dues with kindness:

...

وَأَدَاء إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ

and paid to him respectfully.

means, the killer should accept the terms of settlement without causing further harm or resisting the payment.

Allah's statement:

...

ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ

This is an alleviation and a mercy from your Lord.

means the legislation that allows you to accept the blood money for intentional murder is an alleviation and a mercy from your Lord. It lightens what was required from those who were before you, either applying capital punishment or forgiving.

Sa`id bin Mansur reported that Ibn Abbas said,

"The Children of Israel were required to apply the Law of equality in murder cases and were not allowed to offer pardons (in return for blood money). Allah said to this Ummah (the Muslim nation):

كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى الْحُرُّ بِالْحُرِّ وَالْعَبْدُ بِالْعَبْدِ وَالاُنثَى بِالاُنثَى

فَمَنْ عُفِيَ لَهُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَيْءٌ

The Law of equality in punishment is prescribed for you in case of murder:the free for the free, the servant for the servant, and the female for the female. But if the killer is forgiven by the brother (or the relatives) of the killed (against blood money).

Hence, `pardoning' or `forgiving' means accepting blood money in intentional murder cases."

Ibn Hibban also recorded this in his Sahih.

Qatadah said:

ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ

(This is an alleviation from your Lord),

Allah had mercy on this Ummah by giving them the Diyah which was not allowed for any nation before it.

The People of the Torah (Jews) were allowed to either apply the penal code (for murder, i.e., execution) or to pardon the killer, but they were not allowed to take blood money.

The People of the Injil (the Gospel - the Christians) were required to pardon (the killer, but no Diyah was legislated).

This Ummah (Muslims) is allowed to apply the penal code (execution) or to pardon and accept the blood money."

Similar was reported from Sa`id bin Jubayr, Muqatil bin Hayyan and Ar-Rabi bin Anas.

Allah's statement:

...

فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَهُ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ

So after this whoever transgresses the limits, he shall have a painful torment.

means, those who kill in retaliation after taking the Diyah or accepting it, they will suffer a painful and severe torment from Allah.

The same was reported from Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Ata Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, Ar-Rabi bin Anas, As-Suddi and Muqatil bin Hayyan.

The Benefits and Wisdom of the Law of Equality

Allah's statement:

Quran Mazid
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Quran Mazid
Surah
Juz
Page
1
Al-Fatihah
The Opener
001
2
Al-Baqarah
The Cow
002
3
Ali 'Imran
Family of Imran
003
4
An-Nisa
The Women
004
5
Al-Ma'idah
The Table Spread
005
6
Al-An'am
The Cattle
006
7
Al-A'raf
The Heights
007
8
Al-Anfal
The Spoils of War
008
9
At-Tawbah
The Repentance
009
10
Yunus
Jonah
010
11
Hud
Hud
011
12
Yusuf
Joseph
012
13
Ar-Ra'd
The Thunder
013
14
Ibrahim
Abraham
014
15
Al-Hijr
The Rocky Tract
015
16
An-Nahl
The Bee
016
17
Al-Isra
The Night Journey
017
18
Al-Kahf
The Cave
018
19
Maryam
Mary
019
20
Taha
Ta-Ha
020
21
Al-Anbya
The Prophets
021
22
Al-Hajj
The Pilgrimage
022
23
Al-Mu'minun
The Believers
023
24
An-Nur
The Light
024
25
Al-Furqan
The Criterion
025
26
Ash-Shu'ara
The Poets
026
27
An-Naml
The Ant
027
28
Al-Qasas
The Stories
028
29
Al-'Ankabut
The Spider
029
30
Ar-Rum
The Romans
030
31
Luqman
Luqman
031
32
As-Sajdah
The Prostration
032
33
Al-Ahzab
The Combined Forces
033
34
Saba
Sheba
034
35
Fatir
Originator
035
36
Ya-Sin
Ya Sin
036
37
As-Saffat
Those who set the Ranks
037
38
Sad
The Letter "Saad"
038
39
Az-Zumar
The Troops
039
40
Ghafir
The Forgiver
040
41
Fussilat
Explained in Detail
041
42
Ash-Shuraa
The Consultation
042
43
Az-Zukhruf
The Ornaments of Gold
043
44
Ad-Dukhan
The Smoke
044
45
Al-Jathiyah
The Crouching
045
46
Al-Ahqaf
The Wind-Curved Sandhills
046
47
Muhammad
Muhammad
047
48
Al-Fath
The Victory
048
49
Al-Hujurat
The Rooms
049
50
Qaf
The Letter "Qaf"
050
51
Adh-Dhariyat
The Winnowing Winds
051
52
At-Tur
The Mount
052
53
An-Najm
The Star
053
54
Al-Qamar
The Moon
054
55
Ar-Rahman
The Beneficent
055
56
Al-Waqi'ah
The Inevitable
056
57
Al-Hadid
The Iron
057
58
Al-Mujadila
The Pleading Woman
058
59
Al-Hashr
The Exile
059
60
Al-Mumtahanah
She that is to be examined
060
61
As-Saf
The Ranks
061
62
Al-Jumu'ah
The Congregation, Friday
062
63
Al-Munafiqun
The Hypocrites
063
64
At-Taghabun
The Mutual Disillusion
064
65
At-Talaq
The Divorce
065
66
At-Tahrim
The Prohibition
066
67
Al-Mulk
The Sovereignty
067
68
Al-Qalam
The Pen
068
69
Al-Haqqah
The Reality
069
70
Al-Ma'arij
The Ascending Stairways
070
71
Nuh
Noah
071
72
Al-Jinn
The Jinn
072
73
Al-Muzzammil
The Enshrouded One
073
74
Al-Muddaththir
The Cloaked One
074
75
Al-Qiyamah
The Resurrection
075
76
Al-Insan
The Man
076
77
Al-Mursalat
The Emissaries
077
78
An-Naba
The Tidings
078
79
An-Nazi'at
Those who drag forth
079
80
Abasa
He Frowned
080
81
At-Takwir
The Overthrowing
081
82
Al-Infitar
The Cleaving
082
83
Al-Mutaffifin
The Defrauding
083
84
Al-Inshiqaq
The Sundering
084
85
Al-Buruj
The Mansions of the Stars
085
86
At-Tariq
The Nightcommer
086
87
Al-A'la
The Most High
087
88
Al-Ghashiyah
The Overwhelming
088
89
Al-Fajr
The Dawn
089
90
Al-Balad
The City
090
91
Ash-Shams
The Sun
091
92
Al-Layl
The Night
092
93
Ad-Duhaa
The Morning Hours
093
94
Ash-Sharh
The Relief
094
95
At-Tin
The Fig
095
96
Al-'Alaq
The Clot
096
97
Al-Qadr
The Power
097
98
Al-Bayyinah
The Clear Proof
098
99
Az-Zalzalah
The Earthquake
099
100
Al-'Adiyat
The Courser
100
101
Al-Qari'ah
The Calamity
101
102
At-Takathur
The Rivalry in world increase
102
103
Al-'Asr
The Declining Day
103
104
Al-Humazah
The Traducer
104
105
Al-Fil
The Elephant
105
106
Quraysh
Quraysh
106
107
Al-Ma'un
The Small kindnesses
107
108
Al-Kawthar
The Abundance
108
109
Al-Kafirun
The Disbelievers
109
110
An-Nasr
The Divine Support
110
111
Al-Masad
The Palm Fiber
111
112
Al-Ikhlas
The Sincerity
112
113
Al-Falaq
The Daybreak
113
114
An-Nas
Mankind
114
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