Tafsir of Surah Al Fatihah

Al-Hamdu Lillah (all praise and thanks be to Allah) is:all thanks are due purely to Allah, alone, not any of the objects that are being worshipped instead of Him, nor any of His creation.

These thanks are due to Allah's innumerable favors and bounties that only He knows the amount of. Allah's bounties include creating the tools that help the creation worship Him, the physical bodies with which they are able to implement His commands, the sustenance that He provides them in this life, and the comfortable life He has granted them, without anything or anyone compelling Him to do so. Allah also warned His creation and alerted them about the means and methods with which they can earn eternal dwelling in the residence of everlasting happiness. All thanks and praise are due to Allah for these favors from beginning to end."

Further, Ibn Jarir commented on the Ayah,

الْحَمْدُ للّهِ

Al-Hamdu Lillah, that it means,

"A praise that Allah praised Himself with, indicating to His servants that they too should praise Him, as if Allah had said,

`Say:All thanks and praise is due to Allah.'

It was said that the statement,

الْحَمْدُ للّهِ

Al-Hamdu Lillah, (All praise and thanks be to Allah), entails praising Allah by mentioning His most beautiful Names and most honorable Attributes. When one proclaims, `All thanks are due to Allah,' he will be thanking Him for His favors and bounties."

The Difference between Praise and Thanks

-Hamd is more general, in that it is a statement of praise for one's characteristics, or for what he has done.

-Thanks are given for what was done, not merely for characteristics.

The Statements of the Salaf about Al-Hamd

Hafs mentioned that Umar said to Ali,

"We know La ilaha illallah, Subhan Allah and Allahu Akbar. What about Al-Hamdu Lillah"

Ali said,

"A statement that Allah liked for Himself, was pleased with for Himself and He likes that it be repeated."

Also, Ibn Abbas said,

"Al-Hamdu Lillah is the statement of appreciation.

When the servant says Al-Hamdu Lillah, Allah says, `My servant has praised Me."

Ibn Abi Hatim recorded this Hadith.

The Virtues of Al-Hamd

Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal recorded that Al-Aswad bin Sari said,

"I said, `O Messenger of Allah! Should I recite to you words of praise for My Lord, the Exalted, that I have collected!'

He said,

أَمَا إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يُحِبُّ الْحَمْدَ

Verily, your Lord likes Al-Hamd."

An-Nasa'i also recorded this Hadith.

Furthermore, Abu Isa At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah recorded that Musa bin Ibrahim bin Kathir related that Talhah bin Khirash said that Jabir bin Abdullah said that the Messenger of Allah said,

أَفْضَلُ الذِّكْرِ لَا إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَأَفْضَلُ الدُّعَاءِ الْحَمْدُدِلله

- The best Dhikr (remembering Allah) is La ilaha illallah and

- the best supplication is Al-Hamdu Lillah.

At-Tirmidhi said that this Hadith is Hasan Gharib.

Also, Ibn Majah recorded that Anas bin Malik said that the Messenger of Allah said,

مَا أَنْعَمَ اللهُ عَلَى عَبْدٍنِعْمَةً فَقَالَ الْحَمْدُ للهِ إِلاَّ كَانَ الَّذِي أَعْطَى أَفْضَلَ مِمَّا أَخَذَ

No servant is blessed by Allah and says, `Al-Hamdu Lillah', except that what he was given is better than that which he has himself acquired.

Further, in his Sunan, Ibn Majah recorded that Ibn Umar said that the Messenger of Allah said,

إِنَّ عَبْدًا مِنْ عِبَادِ اللهِ قَالَ

يَا رَبِّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ كَمَا يَنْبَغِي لِجَلَلِ وَجْهِكَ وَعَظِيمِ سُلْطَانِكَ

فَعَضَلَتْ بِالْمَلَكَيْنِ فَلَمْ يَدْرِيَا كَيْفَ يَكْتُبَانِهَا فَصَعِدَا إِلَى اللهِ فَقَالَا

يَا رَبَّنَا إِنَّ عَبْدًا قَدْ قَالَ مَقَالَةً لَاا نَدْرِي كَيْفَ نَكْتُبُهَا

قَالَ اللهُ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا قَالَ عَبْدُهُ مَاذَا قَالَ عَبْدِي

قَالَاا يَا رَبِّ إِنَّهُ قَالَ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ يَا رَبِّ كَمَا يَنْبَغِي لِجَلَالِ وَجْهِكَ وَعَظِيمِ سُلْطَانِكَ

فَقَالَ اللهُ لَهُمَا اكْتُبَاهَا كَمَا قَالَ عَبْدِي حَتَّى يَلْقَانِي فَأَجْزِيهِ بِهَا

A servant of Allah once said,

`O Allah! Yours is the Hamd that is suitable for the grace of Your Face and the greatness of Your Supreme Authority.'

The two angels were confused as to how to write these words. They ascended to Allah and said, `O our Lord! A servant has just uttered a statement and we are unsure how to record it for him.'

Allah said while having more knowledge in what His servant has said, 'What did My servant say!'

They said, `He said, `O Allah! Yours is the Hamd that is suitable for the grace of Your Face and the greatness of Your Supreme Authority.'

Allah said to them, `Write it as My servant has said it, until he meets Me and then I shall reward him for it.

Al before Hamd encompasses all Types of Thanks and Appreciation for Allah

The letters Alif and Lam before the word Hamd serve to encompass all types of thanks and appreciation for Allah, the Exalted. A Hadith stated,

اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ كُلُّهُ وَلَكَ الْمُلْكُ كُلُّهُ وَبِيَدِكَ الْخَيْرُ كُلُّهُ وَإِلَيْكَ يُرْجَعُ الاَْمْرُ كُلُّهُ

O Allah!

All of Al-Hamd is due to You, You own all the ownership, all types of good are in Your Hand and all affairs belong to You.

The Meaning of Ar-Rabb, the Lord

Ar-Rabb is the owner who has full authority over his property.

Ar-Rabb, linguistically means, the master or the one who has the authority to lead.

All of these meanings are correct for Allah. When it is alone, the word Rabb is used only for Allah. As for other than Allah, it can be used to say Rabb Ad-Dar, the master of such and such object.

Further, it was reported that Ar-Rabb is Allah's Greatest Name.

The Meaning of Al-`Alamin

Al-`Alamin is plural for `Alam, which encompasses everything in existence except Allah. The word `Alam is itself a plural word, having no singular form.

The `Alamin are different creations that exist in the heavens and the earth, on land and at sea. Every generation of creation is called an `Alam.

Al-Farra` and Abu `Ubayd said,

"Alam includes all that has a mind, the Jinns, mankind, the angels and the devils, but not the animals."

Also, Zayd bin Aslam and Abu Muhaysin said,

Alam includes all that Allah has created with a soul."

Further, Qatadah said about,

رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ

(The Lord of the `Alamin),

"Every type of creation is an Alam."

Az-Zajjaj also said,

"Alam encompasses everything that Allah created, in this life and in the Hereafter."

Al-Qurtubi commented,

"This is the correct meaning, that the Alam encompasses everything that Allah created in both worlds.